The African continent provides challenges and opportunities for the World Bank’s twin goals of poverty reduction and shared prosperity. More than half of the world’s poor live in the 47 states of Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a wide range of populations – with 12 states having less than 1.5 million people and 6 with more than 50 million. Angola, Nigeria and South Africa make up about 60% of the region’s GDP. Poverty has declined from 59% in 1993 to 41% in 2015, but the number of poor has increased and there is an overlap between the monetary poor and deprivations in other aspects (e.g. education and social services). The average fertility rate is twice the global average and the Human Capital Index is 0.4. Access to electricity is around 45%. Growth is expected to be 2.9% in 2019 partly due to the tightening of global financial conditions and the volatility of commodity prices. Given the youthful demographics and greater private sector dynamism in the region, there are important opportunities for economic growth, bolstered by political reforms, regional integration, disruptive technologies and globalization. Achieving the Bank’s twin goals will require a concerted effort to accelerate the rate of poverty reduction, a key objective in Western Africa, including tackling efforts to promote social inclusion by women and other vulnerable groups.
The four Africa Social Development Units play a strategic, advisory and knowledge role for the Region and the GP’s work in these areas. The combined Units have a wide range of engagements including social safeguards (involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples); Environmental and Social Framework (ESF); community driven development; support for fragile states and conflict-affected countries; citizen engagement and social accountability; social inclusion; and social resilience and analytics for social development.